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Douglas F3D- Skyknight |
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Aircraft of the U.S. Navy |
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Entwicklung |
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The Douglas F3D Skyknight was the world's first jet fighter designed for use as carrier-based night fighter. Its radar equipment required a wider-than-usual fuselage, so it was nicknamed "Willie the Whale". The Navy asked Douglas to develop a carrier-based night fighter in 1946. Specifications included twin-jet power, side-by-side seating for a radar operator, a top speed of 500 mph, a combat radius of 500 miles, an operating altitude of 40,000 feet, and an escape system that allowed the crew to depart downward through the bottom of the fuselage. The result was the straight-wing, two-seat, twin-engine F3D-, first flown on March 23, 1948. The first of 28 production-model F3D-1s was delivered to the Navy in late 1950, as work began on the more powerful F3D-2. The F3D-2 flew 100 mph faster and had twice the range. It incorporated new electronic and radar equipment, air-to-air rockets, a thicker bulletproof canopy, wing spoilers to improve rate-of-roll, and an automatic pilot. Douglas produced 268 Skyknights, including several conversions to special-duty variants. The first F3D-2 flew in February, 1951. Over the next two years, 237 were delivered. Sixteen of these were F3D-2Ms in the Sparrow I configuration, prototyped by the one XF3D-1M in 1950. The F3D-2s served with Navy composite and Marine night fighter squadrons, but went into combat in Korea only with Marine land-based squadrons, in the fall of 1952. As land-based night fighters, the F3Ds were effective, destroying both jet and prop aircraft in night engagements. However, for carrier use, smaller, single-plane night fighters were considered more satisfactory. |
Die Douglas F3D war der weltweit erste Düsenjäger der für die Verwendung als Träger-gestützter Nachtjäger konzipiert wurde. Die Radaranlage erforderte einen unüblich größeren Rumpf, so ist der Spitznamen "Willie the Whale" entstanden. Die Navy beauftragte 1946 Douglas, einen Trägergestützten Nachtjäger entwickeln. Die Spezifikation verlange eine zweistrahlige Maschine mit side-by-side Sitzen für den Radar-Operator, mit einer Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 800 Km/h und einem Einsatzradius von 800 Km bei einer Einsatzhöhe von 12000 Metern sowie einem einem Rettungssystem, dass die Besatzung nach unten durch den Boden des Rumpfs abspringen kann. Das Ergebnis war die F3D- eine zweisitziges, zweimotoriges Flugzeug mit geraden Flügeln das am 23. März 1948 erstmals flog. Die ersten 28 Produktionsmodelle der F3D-1s wurden Ende 1950 an die Marine geliefert, da begann die Arbeit an der mehr leistungsstärkeren F3D-2. Die F3D-2 flog 160 Km/h schneller und hatte die doppelte Reichweite. Eine neue Radaranlage, Luft-Luft-Raketen, ein dickere kugelsichere Frontschreibe, Wing-spoiler für eine bessere Rollrate wurden integriert. Douglas produziert 268 Skyknights, darunter mehrere umbauten in Spezialversionen. Die erste F3D-2 flog im Februar 1951. In den nächsten zwei Jahren wurden 237 ausgeliefert. Sechzehn von ihnen wurden als F3D-2Ms im Sparrow I Konfiguration geliefert, nach einem Prototypen der XF3D-1M. Die F3D-2s dienten in Navy Mehrzweckstaffeln und Marine Nachtjagdstaffeln und wurden im Herbst 1952 im Koreakrieg nur von Landstützpunkten aus eingesetzt. Als landgestützte Nachtjäger waren die F3Ds effektiv und zerstörten sowohl Jet- und Propellermaschinen in Nachteinsätzen. |
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XF3D-1 |
Single prototype. |
XF3D-1 |
Erster Prototyp. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-1 F-10A |
Initial production Version. (28 built) |
F3D-1 F-10A |
Erste Produktionsphase 28 Maschinen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-1M MF-10A |
Some F3D-1 where modified to Missilecarrier. |
F3D-1M MF-10A |
Einige F3D-1 wurden modifiziert zu Lenkwaffenträgern. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2 F-10B |
2nd production Version. (237 built) |
F3D-2 F-10B |
2te Produktionsversion (237 Maschinen) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2B |
Only one configured for special armament tests |
F3D-2B |
Nur eine wurde für Waffentests konfiguriert- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2M MF-10B |
16 F3D-2 where converted to Missilecarrier. |
F3D-2M MF-10B |
16 F3D-2 wurden modifiziert zu Lenkwaffenträgern. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2Q EF-10B |
35 where converted for the ECM role. |
F3D-2Q EF-10B |
35 wurden für die ECM Rolle umgebaut. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2T |
5 where modified into night fighters trainer |
F3D-2T |
5 wurden zu Nachtjagdtrainern modifiziert | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2T2 TF-10B |
55 where converted to radar-operator trainers. |
F3D-2T2 TF-10B |
55 wurden zu Radar-Operateur Trainern modifiziert. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-3 |
The F3F-3 was a projected version with swept wings and Westinghouse J46-WE-3 engines. |
F3D-3 |
Die F3D-3 war ein Projekt mit gefeilten Flügeln und Westinghouse J46-WE-3 Triebwerken. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Einsatzgeschichte |
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During the Korean War, in 1952, an F3D Skyknight shot down a Yak-15 in the first jet-to-jet aerial victory scored at night. One Marine Corps night-fighter squadron (VMF(N)-513) went on to rack up the best night-fighter record of the Korean conflict. The 2-seat, radar equipped fighter achieved this distinction during the Korean war and by the time hostilities ceased it could also claim more enemy aircraft destroyed than any other Marine or Navy type. After 1953, Skyknights were converted as trainers for RIO (radar intercept officers) and for use as electronic reconnaissance and countermeasure aircraft during the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War. The Skyknight was the only Navy/Marine fighter to fly combat missions in both Korea and Vietnam, and the last was retired in l978. |
Während des Koreakrieges, im Jahre 1952, hat eine F3D Skyknight Yak-15 abgeschossen, dies war der erste Jet gegen Jet-Luftsieg in der Nacht. Ein Marine Corps Nachtjagdstaffel (VMF(N)-513) wurde die beste Nachtjagd-Staffel des Korea-Konfliktes. Die zweisitzige mit Radar ausgestattet Maschine zerstörte bis zum Ende der Feindseligkeiten des Korea-Krieges mehr Flugzeuge als alle anderen Marine- oder Navy-Mascinen. Nach 1953 wurden Skyknights als Trainer für RIO (radar intercept officers) und für elektronische Aufklärung und Gegenmaßnahmen während der Kuba-Krise und den Vietnamkrieg verwendet. Die Skyknight war der einzige Navy/Marine-Jäger der in beiden Konflikten Korea und Vietnam eingesetzt wurde, die letzte wurde im Jahre l978 Ausgemustert. . |
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Zeichnungen |
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Test and Evaluation Squadrons |
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VX-4 | VX-4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VX-4 | VX-5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Composite Squadrons |
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VC-4 | VC-4 | VC-4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VC-4 | VC-33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fighter Squadrons |
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FAWTUPAC | VF(AW)-3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VF-14 | VF-14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FAWTULANT | FAWTULANT | FAWTULANT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VF-101 | VF-101 | VF-101 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VF-101 | VF-101 | VF-121 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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VF-121 | VF-121 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Training Squadron |
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VT-86 | VT-86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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