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The Grumman TBF- Avenger (aircraft
manufactured by General Motors designated TBM-) is an American torpedo
bomber developed initially for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, and
eventually used by several air and naval aviation services around the
world.
The Avenger entered U.S. service in 1942, and first saw action during
the Battle of Midway. The Avenger was the heaviest single-engined
aircraft of World War II. Grumman designed the Avenger to use the new
Sto-Wing patented "compound angle" wing-folding mechanism, intended to
maximize storage space on an aircraft carrier.
The Avenger had a large bomb bay, allowing for one Bliss-Leavitt Mark 13
torpedo, a single 910 kg bomb, or up to four 225 kg bombs. The aircraft
had overall ruggedness and stability, and pilots say it flew like a
truck, for better or worse. With its good radio facilities, docile
handling, and long range, the Grumman Avenger also made an ideal command
aircraft for Commanders, Air Group (CAGs). With a 9,000 m ceiling and a
fully loaded range of 1,600 km, it was better than any previous American
torpedo bomber. Later Avenger models carried radar equipment for the ASW
and AEW roles. |
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Die Grumman TBF-Avenger
(Maschinen produziert von General Motors trugen die Bezeichnung TBM-) ist
ein amerikanischer Torpedobomber, der ur-sprünglich für die U.S. Marine und
das U.S. Marine Corps entwickelt wurde und schließlich von mehreren Luft-
und Seeflugdiensten auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt wird.
Der Avenger wurde 1942 in den Dienst der U.S. Streitkräfte übernommen und
war erstmals während der Schlacht von Midway aktiv. Die Avenger war das
schwerste einmotorige Flugzeug des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Grumman entwarf die
Avenger für die Verwendung des neuen patentierten "Compound Angle"
-Flügelklappmechanismus von Sto-Wing, um den Stauraum auf einem
Flugzeugträger zu maximieren.
Die Avenger hatte eine grosse
Bombenschcht, die einen Bliss-Leavitt Mark 13-Torpedo, eine einzelne 910 kg
Bombe oder bis zu vier 225 kg Bomben zuliessen. Das Flugzeug war insgesamt
Robust und Stabil, und Piloten sagen, es flog wie ein Lastwagen, im Guten
oder Schlechten. Mit seinen guten Funkeinrichtungen, der guten Handhabung
sowie der grossen Reichweite war die Grumman Avenger auch ein ideales
Kommandoflugzeug, Air Group (CAGs). Mit einer Höhenleistung von 9.000 m und
einer Reichweite von 1.600 km war es besser als jeder frühere amerikanische
Torpedo-bomber. Spätere Avenger-Modelle trugen Radar-geräte für die Rollen ASW
und AEW. |
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Grumman TBM-3S2
Avenger
34 TBM-3S2 delivered under MDAP 30. January 1954 to 31. May 1955 from US
Navy. Serialled 1-1 to 1-34 (later 020 to 042), used as submarine 'killer'.
5 later converted to target tugs. Withdrawn 16. December 1959 - 12. May
1961.
Grumman TBM-3W
Avenger
25 TBM-3W2 delivered 29. September 1953 (20 a/c) and 1. October 1953 (5
a/c) from US Navy under MDAP. Serialled 16-101 to 16-124 (later 045 to
064). Used as submarine 'hunter', withdrawn 16 December 1959-2 May 1961.
Grumman TBM-3E
Avenger
20 TBM-3E and -3E2 delivered 8. January to 17 March 1958 via Royal Navy
under MDAP. Used for short range patrol. Serialled 21-20 to 21-28
(TBM-3E) and 21-29 to 21-30 (TBM-3E2), (eleven became 065 to 075 in
1959). 5 converted to target tug duties. Withdrawn 1. May 1958 til 11. October
1961, five to Brazilian Navy 25. July 1960. |
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Specifications |
TBM-3 |
Wingspan |
Spannweite |
16.51 m |
Length |
Länge |
12.48 m |
Height |
Höhe |
4.70 m |
Wing area |
Flügelfläche |
45.52 m² |
Engine |
Motor |
1× Wright R-2600-20 radial engine, 1,900 hp |
Maximum speed |
Höchstgeschwindigkeit |
444 km/h |
Empty weight |
Leergewicht |
4,783 kg |
Loaded weight |
Startgewicht |
8,115 kg |
Climb Rate |
Steigrate |
10.5 m/s |
Service ceiling |
Gipfelhöhe |
9,170 m |
Range |
Reichweite |
1,610 km |
Armament |
Bewaffnung |
? |
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Serial, Grumman Avenger |
Typ |
Buzz |
s/n |
Delivered |
Withdrawn |
Remarks |
TBM-3S2 |
1-1 |
91567 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
15. Jun. 1954 |
Crashed
at Valkenburg |
TBM-3S2 |
1-2 |
53291 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
5. May 1961 |
Later No. 020 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-3 |
91467 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3S2 |
1-4 |
53247 |
15. Feb. 1954 |
17 May 1954 |
Crashed in the sea off Egmond |
TBM-3S2 |
1-5 |
86030 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
15. Feb. 1961 |
Later No. 021 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-6 |
53124 |
6. Feb. 1954 |
5. May 1961 |
Later No. 022 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-7 |
53089 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
18. Feb. 1956 |
Crashed in the sea off Kanaal |
TBM-3S2 |
1-8 |
53854 |
4. Feb. 1954 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3S2 |
1-9 |
53866 |
23. Feb. 1954 |
27. Jan. 1959 |
Crashed in the sea off Bermuda |
TBM-3S2 |
1-10 |
91569 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 023 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-11 |
53651 |
5. Feb. 1954 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3S2 |
1-12 |
85852 |
15. Feb. 1954 |
29. Aug. 1959 |
Crashed in the sea off Karel
Doorman |
TBM-3S2 |
1-13 |
53722 |
23. Feb. 1954 |
30. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 024 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-14 |
53087 |
30. Jan. 1954 |
8. Sep. 1959 |
Crashed in the sea off Karel
Dorman |
TBM-3S2 |
1-15 |
53756 |
9. Oct. 1954 |
14. Nov. 1960 |
Later No. 025 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-16 |
85529 |
7. Oct. 1954 |
23. Mar. 1961 |
Later No. 026 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-17 |
91189 |
7. Oct. 1954 |
14. Oct. 1960 |
Later No. 027 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-18 |
91686 |
10. Oct. 1954 |
29. Mar. 1955 |
Crashed in the sea off Karel
Dorman |
TBM-3S2 |
1-19 |
53202 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
26. Nov 1957 |
Crashed in the sea off IJmuiden |
TBM-3S2 |
1-20 |
53212 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
25. Feb. 1960 |
Later No. 028, Crashed |
TBM-3S2 |
1-21 |
53250 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
12. Oct. 1960 |
Later No. 029 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-22 |
53258 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
14. Nov. 1960 |
Later No. 030 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-23 |
53640 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
1. Apr. 1961 |
Later No. 031 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-24 |
85989 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
28. Jan. 1960 |
Later No. 032, Crashed in the sea
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TBM-3S2 |
1-25 |
53582 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
12. May 1961 |
Later No. 033 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-26 |
53646 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
12. May 1961 |
Later No. 034 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-27 |
53671 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 035 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-28 |
53920 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
30. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 036 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-29 |
85623 |
28. Feb. 1955 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 037 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-30 |
69392 |
31. May 1955 |
12. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 038 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-31 |
85646 |
31. May 1955 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
Later No. 039 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-32 |
91304 |
31. May 1955 |
30. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 040 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-33 |
91328 |
31. May 1955 |
10. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 041 |
TBM-3S2 |
1-34 |
91376 |
31. May 1955 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 042 |
TBM-3W |
16-101 |
53361 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
26. Sep. 1954 |
Crashed in the sea off Karel
Doorman |
TBM-3W |
16-102 |
85650 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
14. Nov. 1960 |
Later No. 042 |
TBM-3W |
16-103 |
85751 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
28. Oct. 1955 |
Crashed in the sea off HMS
Bulwark |
TBM-3W |
16-104 |
85880 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
14. Apr. 1960 |
Later No. 046 |
TBM-3W |
16-105 |
86039 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3W |
16-106 |
91456 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
10. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 047 |
TBM-3W |
16-107 |
85490 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3W |
16-108 |
86229 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
30. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 048 |
TBM-3W |
16-109 |
53136 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
Later No. 049 |
TBM-3W |
16-110 |
91738 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
20. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 050 |
TBM-3W |
16-111 |
86188 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 051 |
TBM-3W |
16-112 |
91155 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
30. Jan. 1960 |
Later No. 052 |
TBM-3W |
16-113 |
91296 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 053 |
TBM-3W |
16-114 |
91385 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
14. Nov. 1960 |
Later No. 054 |
TBM-3W |
16-115 |
91403 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 055 |
TBM-3W |
16-116 |
91406 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
12. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 056 |
TBM-3W |
16-117 |
91423 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
10. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 057 |
TBM-3W |
16-118 |
91457 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
30. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 058 |
TBM-3W |
16-119 |
91458 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 059 |
TBM-3W |
16-120 |
91516 |
29. Sep. 1953 |
10. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 060 |
TBM-3W |
16-121 |
91476 |
1. Oct. 1953 |
2. May 1961 |
Later No. 061 |
TBM-3W |
16-122 |
91488 |
1. Oct. 1953 |
2. May 1961 |
Later No. 062 |
TBM-3W |
16-123 |
91570 |
1. Oct. 1953 |
7. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 063 |
TBM-3W |
16-124 |
91713 |
1. Oct. 1953 |
2. May 1961 |
Later No. 064 |
TBM-3E |
21-20 |
53367 |
8. Jan. 1958 |
8. Feb. 1961 |
Later No. 065 |
TBM-3E |
21-21 |
85899 |
8. Jan. 1958 |
8. Feb. 1961 |
Later No. 066 |
TBM-3E |
21-22 |
86156 |
8. Jan. 1958 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-23 |
53550 |
6. Feb. 1958 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-24 |
53107 |
6. Mar. 1958 |
24. Oct. 1958 |
Crashed |
TBM-3E |
21-25 |
85549 |
17. Mar. 1958 |
25. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 067, to Brazil Navy |
TBM-3E |
21-26 |
85930 |
17. Mar. 1958 |
25. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 068, to Brazil Navy |
TBM-3E |
21-27 |
53557 |
17. Mar. 1958 |
16. Dec. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-28 |
53604 |
19. Feb. 1958 |
25. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 069, to Brazil Navy |
TBM-3E2 |
21-29 |
53099 |
19. Feb. 1958 |
13. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 071 |
TBM-3E2 |
21-30 |
91131 |
6. Feb. 1958 |
8. Feb. 1961 |
Later No. 070 |
TBM-3E |
21-31 |
91723 |
19. Feb. 1958 |
13. Jan. 1961 |
Later No. 072 |
TBM-3E |
21-32 |
53142 |
6. Feb. 1958 |
5. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 073, to Brazil Navy |
TBM-3E |
21-33 |
53924 |
17. Mar. 1958 |
11. Oct. 1961 |
Later No. 074 |
TBM-3E |
21-34 |
86174 |
6. Mar. 1958 |
25. Jul. 1960 |
Later No. 075, to Brazil Navy |
TBM-3E |
21-35 |
53438 |
8. Jan. 1958 |
29. Apr. 1959 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-36 |
91355 |
6. Feb. 1958 |
1 .May 1958 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-37 |
53060 |
19. Feb. 1958 |
29. Jul. 1958 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-38 |
53548 |
6. Mar. 1958 |
1. Aug. 1958 |
- |
TBM-3E |
21-39 |
86235 |
6. Mar. 1958 |
14. Apr. 1958 |
- |
Last update 23. December
2020 |
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