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Supermarine Spitfire

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Aircraft of the Royal Air Force

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Development

Entwicklung

 

The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter airct that was used by the RAF and many other Allied countries before, during and after World War II. The Spitfire was built in many variants, using several wing configurations, and was produced in greater numbers than any other British airct. It was also the only British fighter to be in continuous production throughout the war.

The Spitfire was designed as a short-range, high-performance interceptor aircraft by R. J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation Works.

Although the original airframe was designed to be powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine producing 1,030 hp (768 kW), it was strong enough and adaptable enough to use increasingly powerful Merlins and, in later marks, Rolls-Royce Griffon engines producing up to 2,340 hp (1,745 kW). As a consequence of this, the Spitfire's performance and capabilities improved over the course of its service life.

 

Die Supermarine Spitfire ist ein britischer Einsitziger Jäger, das von der RAF und vielen anderen alliierten Ländern vor, während und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg verwendet wurde. Die Spitfire wurde in vielen Varianten gebaut, mit mehreren Flügelkonfigurationen und wurde in grös-serer Anzahl als jedes andere britische Flugzeug produziert. Es war auch der einzige britische Kämpfer, der während des ganzen Krieges in der kontinuierlichen Produktion war.

Das Spitfire wurde als Kurzstrecken-Hoch-leistungsabfangjäger von R. J. Mitchell, Chefde-signer bei Supermarine Aviation Works, konzipiert.

Obwohl die ursprüngliche Zelle auf einem Rolls-Royce Merlin-Motor mit einer Leistung von 1.030 PS ausgelegt wurde, war sie stark und anpassungsfähig genug, um immer leistungs-stärkere Merlins zu tragen und in späteren Varianten Rolls-Royce Griffon-Motoren mit bis zu 2.340 PS. Infolgedessen haben sich die Leistungen und Fähigkeiten der Spitfire im Laufe der Lebensdauer verbessert.

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Variants

Versionen

   

The variants of the Spitfire will be described in a special chapter.

 

Die Varianten der Spitfire werden in einem speziellen Kapitel behandelt werden.

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Operational history

Einsatzgeschichte

 

During the Battle of Britain, from July to October 1940, the Spitfire was perceived by the public to be the main  fighter, though the more numerous Hawker Hurricane shouldered a greater proportion of the burden against Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. Spitfire units, however, had a lower attrition rate and a higher victory-to-loss ratio than those flying Hurricanes because of its higher performance. Spitfires in general were tasked with engaging Luftwaffe fighters (mainly Messerschmitt Bf 109E series airct which were a close match for the Spitfire) during the Battle.

After the Battle of Britain, the Spitfire superseded the Hurricane to become the backbone of  Fighter Command, and saw action in the European, Mediterranean, Pacific, and South-East Asian theatres. Much loved by its pilots, the Spitfire served in several roles, including interceptor, photo-reconnaissance, fighter-bomber and trainer, and it continued to serve in these roles until the 1950s.

 

 

Während der Battle of Britain, vom Juli bis Oktober 1940, wurde das Spitfire von der Öffentlichkeit als Haupt-Jäger wahrgenommen, obwohl der zahlreicheren Hawker Hurricane einen größeren Teil der Kämpfe gegen die Luftwaffe Deutschlands trugen. Spitfire-Einheiten hatten jedoch eine niedrigere Verlustrate und eine höheres Abschuss-Verhältnis als die Einheiten die die Hurricane flogen, die sie eine höhere Leistung hatten. Spitfires wurden im Allgemeinen gegen die Jäger der Luftwaffe (vor allem Messerschmitt Bf 109E, die eine ähnliche Leistung wie die Spitfire hatte) während der Schlacht geschickt.
Nach der Battle of Britain ersetzte die Spitfire die Hurrikan, und war das Rückgrat des Fighter Command, und wurde in den europäischen, mediterranen, pazifischen und südostasiatischen Kampfräumen eingesetzt. Von den Piloten sehr geliebt, diente der Spitfire in mehreren Rollen, darunter Abfangjäger, Fotoaufklärung, Jagdbomber und Trainer, und wurde in diesen Rollen bis in die 1950er Jahre verwendet.

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Specifications Spitfire VB

Wingspan

Spannweite

11.23 m

Length

Länge

9.12 m

Height

Höhe

3.86 m

Wing area Flügelfläche

22.48 m

Engine

Motor

1 × Rolls-Royce Merlin 45 supercharged V12 engine, 1,470 hp

Maximum speed

Höchstgeschwindigkeit

595 km/h

Empty weight

Leergewicht

2,297 kg

Loaded weight

Startgewicht

3,039 kg

Climb Rate

Steigrate

13.2 m/s

Service ceiling

Gipfelhöhe

11,125 m

Range

Reichweite

756 km

Armament

Bewaffnung

4 × 20mm cannon

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last update 9. September 2026

written 27. March 2026

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